७ टिप्स फोटो landscape

Tip 1: Bring a Tripod

Always bring a tripod if you plan on shooting landscapes. Even if the day is sunny, you may need to use a small aperture to achieve a great depth of field. In such cases, you may be using a low shutter speed – which leads to camera shake if you can’t hold the camera stable in your hands. Hence the need for a tripod. If you need a good travel tripod, I recommend the Vanguard Tourist-2 – I’ve used it for years and it functions very well.

Tip 2: Cable Release

One good tip is to carry a cable release. Instead of using the timer function on the camera, use the cable release. This ensures that you can trigger the shutter at precisely the right timing. In turn, this leads to reduced camera shake and a more beautiful photo.

Tip 3: Use the Right Filters

Filters are important when taking landscape photos. There are different types of filters that I use – polarizers, neutral density filters and graduated neutral density filters.

Polarizers are useful for reducing glare from water and other reflective surfaces. These create a more well-balanced and beautiful picture.

Neutral density filters will stop a specified amount of light entering the camera. I tend to use these for shooting waterfalls on a sunny day.

Graduated neutral density filters are a slight variation of this – they are dark on top and clear on the bottom, creating a ‘gradual transition’ from the dark to clear area. These filters are good for blocking out bright parts of a scene (say the sky) to create a more evenly exposed picture.

Tip 4: Research the Landscape

One thing to do before taking landscape photos is to do some background research on the landscape. If you’re taking pictures of the Nigara Falls, or the Grand Canyon, try to do some background study on what the most scenic spots are.

It’s also good to check out the weather conditions of the place. Check up the papers – if the weather doesn’t look good, you may want to try shooting another day.

Tip 5: Lenses

For shooting landscape photos, it’s usually best to bring wide-angle lenses. I also bring along a telephoto lens in case I want to shot some creative, zoomed-in shots.

Tip 6: Composition

Another thing to remember is that composition rules are still important in landscape photos. Make sure you have something in the foreground, mid-ground and background.

Tip 7: Shoot at the Right Time

For landscape photography, one thing I realize is that you should avoid shooting during mid-day. There is a lot of harsh lighting and bad shadow effects during that period. Early morning or late afternoon tends to be best.

source : http://www.basic-digital-photography.com/
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CHECK LIST OVERVIEW - DIGITAL CAMERAS
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i just read Digital Photography in Available Light written by mark galer.
and maybe can useful for other who want to find a "best" camera.

Q. How many pixels do I need - how big do I want to print?
A. 6 megapixels for a full page and 10–12 for a double page.

Q. Do I need to shoot RAW files in rapid succession?
A. Investigate the buffer size and speed of DSLR cameras.
B. not sure we need a rapid shutter click for landscape photography. but maybe if you interest in wildlife photography too you will need it much.

Q. Do I need to shoot hand-held in low light with raised ISO?
A. Choose a camera with a larger sensor, wide aperture lens and/or image stabilization and
check out whether the budget DSLR comes with an option of upgrading to a better lens,
brighter and with less barrel distortion at the wide-angle end of the zoom range.
B. use tripod !! or find any alternative to put the camera in stabel posisition,it's better idea :D

Q. Would I prefer to work with a live preview or with an optical viewfinder?
A. Check out cameras with 2.5-inch LCD displays and the Konica Minolta EVF before you
reach a decision on this one.
B. now, almost new dlsr have life view LCD. and yes it's very useful (for me).
I can check my LCD display when i put my camera in the tripod, zoom it until 10x to make sure that the object focus and sharp.

Q. Do I want or need movie capture, 3:2 format capture?
A. Only prosumer digicams offer movie capture and only a select few cameras offer the 3:2
format (some surprises in the prosumer digicam range).
B. with the new technology, capture HD movie now more easier.
even entry level dslr like canon 500D now can be use to capture HD movie.

Q. Can I change the ISO, image format setting, self-timer and white balance without referring
to the manual or trawling through submenus?
A. Many cameras place all of the important settings within easy reach these days. Some
manufacturers still need to talk with the photographers who use their cameras.

Q. Does the camera and lens come with useful features such as PC sync terminals, a
threaded cable-release socket, protected LCD displays, lens-hood and twist-barrel zoom
control, dual memory card slots and fast USB2 or Firewire data transfer?
A. Grab as many as you can on a single system. An individual feature is easy to overlook
unless you are ticking them off a list.

source : essential skills: digital photography in available light - mark galer (2006)

note :
Q. Question
A. Answer by Mark Galer
B. it's mean "Bek". it's my own opinion :D
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Tips for Sharper photo
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1. Hand holding
The way you hold a camera has a huge impact on the sharpness of your images. if you hold a camera incorrectly, unintended camera movement leads not only to blurred images, but also to a reduction of contrast and image brilliance.
To create a stable platform with your own body, hold the camera with both hands, support the camera body (not the lens) by cradling it in your left hand a grasp the camera and shutter release button with your right hand. Press your elbows firmly against your body and raise the camera close to your eye. If you're using a digital camera with an LCD, avoid holding the camera away from your body with your arms extended.
Gently depress the shutter release button halfway and maintain pressure to achieve and lock focus. When you are ready to take the image, fully depress the shutter release button.

2. Tripod + cable release + mirror lockup
A tripod provides a stable platform for your camera and is a key means for ensuring sharp photographs. A tripod delivers the ability to create sharp images if you are shooting under low light before dawn or in bright sunlight.
The advantage is that tripod minimizes the effects of handling the camera incorrectly or your own body movement.
Cable release
Small press of the shutter has a big effect especially if you take slower shutter speed. Another tool to minimize shakes when press the shutter is use cable release.
Mirror lockup
Some dslr have mirror lockup feature. This will reduce the vibration. The image in the viewfinder will be blackened, but the actual moment of exposure won’t be impacted by mirror movement
So if you want to make a sharp picture to print on larger media, this combination will sure make your picture sharp

3. Shutter speed consideration
The shutter speed used when shooting without a tripod plays a critical role in image sharpness. As a guideline, choose a minimum shutter speed that's the reciprocal of the focal length you're using. At an effective focal length of 100 mm, select a minimum shutter speed of 1/125 sec, for example. Be aware that some dslr have a magnification factor that will increase the effective focal length of a lenses, resulting in the need for an even faster shutter speed.
To maintain an acceptable shutter speed for handholding, you may need to increase the camera's ISO sensitivity. Although this increases the appearance of grain or noise. It can make the difference between a sharp image that you can use and a soft image that useless.

Shutter speed recommendation chart
28mm 1/30 sec
50mm 1/60 sec
85mm 1/25 sec
180mm 1/250 sec
400mm 1/500 sec

4. IS and VR
Some of today's lenses include technology that reduces the effects of camera motion on image sharpness, Canon Image Stabilizer (IS) and Nikon’s Vibration Reduction (VR). These technologies use electronics and hardware to counter the slight movements that result in a soft image. These lenses have grown in popularity among sports and wildlife photographers, and although not intended to totally eliminate the use of a tripod, they provide a viable alternative when a tripod isn’t practical or available
These technologies offer the ability to handhold your camera at shutter speeds much slower than would be typically allowable. For example, a 200mm focal length that would normally require a shutter speed of 1/250 sec, may produce decent results at a shutter speed as slow as 1/60 sec. This is an advantage when light is fading and a higher ISO may not be advantageous or possible

5. Continous shooting mode
Most assume that the only time to use a camera's continuous shooting mode is when they’re shooting fast action such as sports of wildlife. Actually, this mode can be used as a way to increase the sharpness of all your images.
With each depression of the shutter release button, there’s a small degree of vibration that may adversely affect the crispness of your images. It occurs for only a fraction of a second, but it may be enough to produce undesirable softness. The use of a continuous shooting mode allows you to shoot several image of the same subject in rapid succession. Although the first image is slightly blurred because of vibration, subsequent images often will be sharper. Even for static subjects, you’ll usually find one shot perfectly sharp among of group of softer images.

6. Confirming auto focus
Autofocus has afforded a wonderful convenience for photographers, its accuracy and responsiveness has improved the sharpness of many of our images. Particularly when photographing moving subjects, autofocus technology has made it possible to produce consistent results more often
It is important not to totally surrender focus to this advanced technology, however it’s still necessary to confirm n what part of the scene is being focused. Multi-sensor autofocus systems, although accurate a majority of the time, may select another part of the scene that you don’t want to emphasize. To ensure that your main subject is sharp, pay careful attention to the AF sensor indicators inside your camera viewfinder. If the sensor isn’t the one that your desire, set it manually.
When photographing moving subjects, begin tracking and focusing on your subject well before you actually release the shutter release button. This allows the camera to achieve focus before the critical moment you’ll want to capture it

7. Moderate aperture
The rule of thumb for the aperture that results in the best sharpness on any lens has been two stop smaller than the widest aperture. A 105 mm f/1.8 lens likely will produce its best images at a working aperture of f/5.6, for example